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The process of heating cannabis to activate cannabinoids like THC and CBD from their acidic precursor forms.
Decarboxylation is the chemical process that activates cannabinoids in cannabis by removing a carboxyl group through heat. Raw cannabis contains cannabinoid acids like THCA and CBDA, which are not psychoactive. Applying heat converts THCA into THC and CBDA into CBD, unlocking their full effects.
The process occurs naturally when cannabis is smoked or vaporized, as the high temperatures instantly convert cannabinoid acids into their active forms. For edibles and tinctures, decarboxylation must be done as a separate step before infusion. The optimal temperature range is typically 220 to 245 degrees Fahrenheit (105 to 118 degrees Celsius) for 30 to 45 minutes. Going too hot destroys cannabinoids, while insufficient heat leaves them inactive.
Anyone making cannabis edibles at home must decarboxylate their flower first. Simply adding raw cannabis to a brownie mix will not produce significant psychoactive effects because the THCA has not been converted. Spread ground flower evenly on a baking sheet, cover with foil, and bake at the recommended temperature. Once decarbed, the cannabis can be infused into butter, oil, or alcohol for use in recipes. This step is the difference between an effective edible and a waste of material.
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