Limonene

Limonene is a cyclic monoterpene (C₁₀H₁₆) and one of the most common terpenes in nature. The d-limonene form, which carries a bright citrus-orange aroma, is the predominant version found in cannabis. It is the major component of citrus peel essential oils and also occurs in pine, fir, and spruce trees.

In cannabis, limonene-dominant strains are associated with mood elevation, stress relief, and anti-anxiety effects. Preliminary research suggests limonene may have anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective properties. It is also being studied for its potential to enhance the absorption of other compounds through the skin and mucous membranes, which could amplify the effects of other cannabinoids and terpenes.

Limonene is recognized as GRAS (generally recognized as safe) by the FDA and is widely used in food flavoring, fragrances, and as a natural solvent in cleaning products. In cannabis, it is the signature terpene behind the bright, uplifting character of many sativa-leaning strains.