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Caryophyllene

Terpene
Terpene

Caryophyllene

A spicy, peppery terpene unique for its ability to bind directly to CB2 receptors, offering potential anti-inflammatory effects.

Beta-caryophyllene is a spicy, peppery terpene found in cannabis, black pepper, cloves, cinnamon, and oregano. What makes caryophyllene unique among terpenes is its ability to directly bind to CB2 receptors in the endocannabinoid system, making it the only known terpene that functions as a dietary cannabinoid.

How It Works

Because caryophyllene activates CB2 receptors, it can produce anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects without any psychoactive component. A 2014 study in the European Journal of Pain found that topical application of beta-caryophyllene reduced inflammatory pain in animal models. Its CB2 activity also gives it potential for conditions involving immune dysregulation. This dual identity as both a terpene and a functional cannabinoid makes it one of the most pharmacologically interesting compounds in cannabis.

Strains and Uses

Strains with prominent caryophyllene profiles include GSC (Girl Scout Cookies), Original Glue (GG4), Bubba Kush, Chemdawg, and Cookies and Cream. If you bite into a black peppercorn and your cannabis smells similar, it is likely rich in caryophyllene. Interestingly, sniffing or chewing black pepper is a folk remedy for THC-induced anxiety, possibly because caryophyllene's CB2 activation helps counterbalance an overstimulated CB1 response.

Related Terms

TerpeneEntourage EffectAlpha-TerpineneBeta-PineneBisabololBorneolCampheneCareneEucalyptolFarneseneFencholGeraniolGuaiolHumuleneLimoneneLinaloolMyrceneNerolidolOcimenePhellandrenePhytolPineneSabineneTerpineneTerpinoleneValencene

Frequently Asked Questions

What does Caryophyllene smell and taste like?
Caryophyllene has a spicy, peppery aroma similar to black pepper and cloves. It is unique among terpenes because it can also interact with CB2 receptors in the endocannabinoid system.
What effects is Caryophyllene associated with?
Caryophyllene is unique because it can bind directly to CB2 receptors, potentially offering anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving benefits. It is associated with a calming, grounding experience without sedation.
Which cannabis strains are high in Caryophyllene?
Strains high in caryophyllene typically feature its signature aroma prominently. Lab-tested terpene profiles on product labels can help you identify strains with elevated caryophyllene content. Ask your budtender or check strain databases for terpene-specific recommendations.
Is Caryophyllene found in other plants besides cannabis?
Yes, caryophyllene is found in black pepper, cloves, cinnamon, oregano, and basil. It is actually classified as a dietary cannabinoid because of its ability to interact with CB2 receptors.
Does Caryophyllene contribute to the entourage effect?
Yes, caryophyllene is believed to contribute to the entourage effect, where terpenes and cannabinoids work together to shape the overall cannabis experience. Research suggests terpenes like caryophyllene may modulate how cannabinoids interact with receptors, potentially influencing the intensity and character of effects.
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