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Tiny, crystal-like resin glands on cannabis flowers that produce and contain cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids.
Trichomes are the tiny, crystal-like resin glands that cover the surface of cannabis flowers and, to a lesser extent, leaves and stems. These microscopic structures are where the plant produces and stores cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, making them the chemical factories responsible for everything that makes cannabis valuable.
Types of Trichomes
Cannabis produces three main types of trichomes. Capitate-stalked trichomes are the largest and most abundant on flower surfaces, appearing as mushroom-shaped structures with a bulbous head on a stalk. These produce the majority of cannabinoids and terpenes. Capitate-sessile trichomes are smaller, sitting close to the plant surface without a visible stalk. Bulbous trichomes are the smallest, barely visible to the naked eye. The capitate-stalked trichomes are what give well-grown cannabis its frosty, sparkling appearance.
Trichome Maturity and Harvest Timing
Experienced growers use the color of capitate-stalked trichomes to determine the optimal harvest window. Under magnification, clear trichomes indicate the plant is not yet mature. Milky white or cloudy trichomes signal peak THC production and the most cerebral effects. Amber trichomes indicate THC is degrading into CBN, producing more sedative effects. Most growers harvest when trichomes are a mix of mostly cloudy with some amber, though the exact ratio depends on the desired effect profile.